Document Type
Honors Project - Open Access
Abstract
This paper analyzes the impacts of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) and Economic Support policies on employment across U.S. states during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. It utilizes a Two-Way Fixed Effects estimator to assess the overall impacts of these policies, along with sector-level analysis over different time snapshots to understand the effects on various employment sectors at different time periods, extending to August 2024. The results show that stricter NPIs negatively affected employment, especially in close-contact industries like leisure and hospitality. Business services employment sectors were the least affected and recovered quicker post-pandemic. Economic support policies partially mitigated these effects, with their interaction playing a crucial role in shaping labor market outcomes. These findings underscore the complex trade-off policymakers faced between safeguarding public health and maintaining economic stability during COVID-19.
Recommended Citation
Oduor, Christine, "The Employment Effects of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States" (2025). Economics Honors Projects. 132.
https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/economics_honors_projects/132
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